What is advance c describe with example
“Advanced C” typically refers to advanced concepts and techniques used in the C programming language. These concepts go beyond the basics of the language and often involve more complex programming scenarios, optimizations, or usage of advanced language features. Here are some examples of advanced topics in C programming:
Pointers and Dynamic Memory Allocation:
Advanced memory management using pointers, including pointer arithmetic and pointer-to-pointer relationships.
Dynamic memory allocation techniques such as malloc, calloc, realloc, and proper memory deallocation using free.
Example:1
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main() {
int n = 5;
int *arr = (int*)malloc(n * sizeof(int));
if (arr == NULL) {
printf(“Memory allocation failed\n”);
return 1;
}
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
arr[i] = i * 2;
printf(“%d “, arr[i]);
}
free(arr);
return 0;
}
Data Structures and Algorithms:
Implementing advanced data structures such as linked lists, trees, graphs, and hash tables.
Developing algorithms for sorting, searching, and other computational tasks.
Example:2
#include <stdio.h>
typedef struct Node {
int data;
struct Node* next;
} Node;
void printLinkedList(Node* head) {
Node* current = head;
while (current != NULL) {
printf(“%d -> “, current->data);
current = current->next;
}
printf(“NULL\n”);
}
int main() {
Node* head = NULL;
Node* second = NULL;
Node* third = NULL;
head = (Node*)malloc(sizeof(Node));
second = (Node*)malloc(sizeof(Node));
third = (Node*)malloc(sizeof(Node));
head->data = 1;
head->next = second;
second->data = 2;
second->next = third;
third->data = 3;
third->next = NULL;
printLinkedList(head);
free(head);
free(second);
free(third);
return 0;
}
Multithreading and Concurrency:
Writing multithreaded programs using POSIX threads (pthread) or other threading libraries.
Synchronization techniques like mutexes and semaphores to manage shared resources.
Example:3
#include <stdio.h>
#include <pthread.h>
void* threadFunction(void* arg) {
int *thread_id = (int*)arg;
printf(“Thread %d is running\n”, *thread_id);
return NULL;
}
int main() {
pthread_t thread1, thread2;
int id1 = 1, id2 = 2;
pthread_create(&thread1, NULL, threadFunction, (void*)&id1);
pthread_create(&thread2, NULL, threadFunction, (void*)&id2);
pthread_join(thread1, NULL);
pthread_join(thread2, NULL);
return 0;
}
These examples demonstrate just a few aspects of “Advanced C.” Advanced C programming involves mastering these and other concepts to write efficient, maintainable, and robust code in the C language.