Java Tutorial
Java is a High-Level, class-based, object-oriented programming language that is intended to have as not many execution conditions as could be expected. It’s anything but a broadly useful programming language proposed to let application designers compose once, run anyplace implying that incorporated Java code can run on all stages that help Java without the requirement for recompilation. Java was initially evolved by James Gosling at Sun Microsystems (which has since been procured by Oracle) and delivered in 1995 as a center segment of Sun Microsystems’ Java stage. The first and reference execution Java compilers, virtual machines, and class libraries were initially delivered by Sun under exclusive licenses.
What is Java Programming?
Java is a programming language and a stage. Java is an undeniable level, strong, object-oriented and secure programming language.
Java was created by Sun Microsystems (which is presently the auxiliary of Oracle) in the year 1995. James Gosling is known as the fathar of Java. Prior to Java, its name was Oak. Since Oak was at that point an enlisted organization, so James Gosling and his group changed the Oak name to Java.
Stage: Any equipment or programming climate in which a program runs, is known as a stage. Since Java has a runtime climate (JRE) and API, it’s anything but a stage.
Why to Learn Jjava Programming?
Java is a MUST for understudies and working experts to turn into an incredible Software Engineer exceptionally when they are working in Software Development Domain. I will list down a portion of the vital benefits of learning Java Programming:
• Simple − Java is intended to be not difficult to learn. On the off chance that you comprehend the fundamental idea of OOP Java, it is not difficult to dominate.
• Secure − With Java’s protected component it empowers to foster infection free, alter free frameworks. Validation strategies depend on open key encryption.
• Object Oriented − In Java, everything is an Object. Java can be handily stretched out since it depends on the Object model.
• Platform Independent − Unlike numerous other programming dialects including C and C++, when Java is assembled, it’s anything but incorporated into stage explicit machine, rather into stage free byte code. This byte code is dispersed over the web and deciphered by the Virtual Machine (JVM) on whichever stage it is being run on.
• Architecture-nonpartisan − Java compiler produces a design unbiased item document design, which makes the ordered code executable on numerous processors, with the presence of Java runtime framework.
• Robust − Java puts forth an attempt to kill blunder inclined circumstances by underscoring principally on gather time mistake checking and runtime checking.
• Portable − Being engineering nonpartisan and having no execution subordinate parts of the detail makes Java versatile. Compiler in Java is written in ANSI C with a perfect convenientce limit, which is a POSIX subset.
Java JVM and Byte code
One plan objective of Java is transportability, which implies that projects composed for the Java stage should run correspondingly on any mix of equipment and working framework with sufficient run time support. This is accomplished by incorporating the Java language code to a moderate portrayal called Java byte code, rather than straightforwardly to engineering explicit machine code. Java byte code directions are comparable to machine code, however they are planned to be executed by a virtual machine (VM) composed explicitly for the host equipment. Clients usually utilize a Java Runtime Environment (JRE) introduced on their machine for independent Java applications, or in an internet browser for Java applets.
Hello world example
The customary Hello world program can be written in Java as
public class HelloWorldApp {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println(“Hello World!”);/Prints the string to the control center.
}
}
Applet
Java applets were programs that were implanted in different applications, regularly in a Web page showed in an internet browser. The Java applet API is presently expostulated since Java 9 in 2017.
Servlet
Java servlet innovation gives Web designers a basic, predictable instrument for expanding the usefulness of a Web worker and for getting to existing business frameworks. Servlets are worker side Java EE parts that create reactions to demands from customers. More often than not, this implies creating HTML pages because of HTTP demands, in spite of the fact that there are various other standard servlet classes accessible, for instance for WebSocket correspondence.
The Java servlet API has somewhat been supplanted (yet utilized in the engine) by two standard Java advances for web administrations:
• The Java API for RESTful Web Services (JAX-RS 2.0) valuable for AJAX, JSON and REST administrations, and
• The Java API for XML Web Services (JAX-WS) helpful for SOAP Web Services.
Regular executions of these APIs on Application Servers or Servlet Containers utilize a standard servlet for taking care of all connections with the HTTP solicitations and reactions that representative to the web administration techniques for the real business rationale.
JavaServer Pages
JavaServer Pages (JSP) are worker side Java EE segments that create reactions, commonly HTML pages, to HTTP demands from customers. JSPs implant Java code in a HTML page by utilizing the extraordinary delimiters <% and %>. A JSP is incorporated to a Java servlet, a Java application by its own doing, the first occasion when it is gotten to. From that point onward, the produced servlet makes the response.
Swing application
Swing is a graphical UI library for the Java SE stage. It is feasible to determine an alternate look and feel through the pluggable look and feel arrangement of Swing. Clones of Windows, GTK+, and Motif are provided by Sun. Apple additionally gives an Aqua look and feel for macOS. Where earlier executions of these looks and feels may have been considered lacking, Swing in Java SE 6 resolves this issue by utilizing more local GUI gadget drawing schedules of the basic platforms.
JavaFX application
JavaFX is a product stage for making and conveying work area applications, just as rich web applications that can stumble into a wide assortment of gadgets. JavaFX is planned to supplant Swing as the standard GUI library for Java SE, however since JDK 11 JavaFX has not been in the center JDK and rather in a different module. JavaFX has support for work stations and internet browsers on Microsoft Windows, Linux, and macOS. JavaFX doesn’t have support for local OS look and feels.
Here are a brief history of all the Java versions with its release date.
Java Versions Release Date
JDK Alpha and Beta 1995
JDK 1.0 23rd Jan 1996
JDK 1.1 19th Feb 1997
J2SE 1.2 8th Dec 1998
J2SE 1.3 8th May 2000
J2SE 1.4 6th Feb 2002
J2SE 5.0 30th Sep 2004
Java SE 6 11th Dec 2006
Java SE 7 28th July 2011
Java SE 8 18th Mar 2014
Java SE 9 21st Sep 2017
Java SE 10 20th Mar 2018
JAVA SE 11 25th Sep 2018
JAVA SE 12 19th Mar 2019
JAVA SE 13 17th Sep 2019
JAVA SE 14 17th Mar 2020
JAVA SE 15 15th Sep 2020 (latest Java Version)